GNOME is a desktop environment and graphical user interface
that runs on top of a computer operating system. It is composed entirely of
free and open source software .It is mainly developed by Red Hat employees. GNOME was founded with the goal of promoting
software freedom It is an international project that includes
creating software development frameworks, selecting application software for
the desktop, and working on the programs that manage application launching,
file handling, and window and task management.
GNOME is part of the GNU Project and can be used with
various Unix-like operating systems, most notably GNU/Linux and as part of
OpenSolaris Desktop. GNOME was started in August 1997 by Miguel de Icaza and
Federico Mena as a free software project to develop a desktop environment and
applications for it
A number of language bindings are available, allowing
applications to be written in a variety of programming languages, such as C++
(gtkmm), Java (java-gnome), Ruby (ruby-gnome2), C# (Gtk#), Python (PyGObject),
Perl (gtk2-perl), Tcl (Gnocl) and many others. The only languages currently
used in applications that are part of an official GNOME desktop release are C,
C++, Python, Vala and Javascript. A number of build-scripts (such as JHBuild or
GARNOME) are available to help automate the process of compiling the source
code.The running of GNOME is mainly based on the donations received from its
users.
Until the release of GNOME 3.0, GNOME was designed around
the traditional computing desktop metaphor. Users can change the appearance of
their desktop through the use of themes, which usually consist of an icon set,
a window manager border and GTK+ theme engine and parameters. The current
default theme is Adwaita. The Human Interface Guidelines help developers to
produce applications that look and behave similarly to each other, which
provides a cohesive GNOME experience.
The applications that are provided with the GNOME Desktop
share several characteristics. For example, the applications have a consistent
look-and-feel. The applications share characteristics because the applications
use the same programming libraries. An application that uses the standard GNOME
programming libraries is called a GNOME-compliant application. For example,
Nautilus and the gedit text editor are GNOME-compliant applications.
GNOME provides libraries in addition to the libraries
provided by your operating system. The libraries enable GNOME to run your
existing applications as well as GNOME-compliant applications.
The other desktop environments similar to GNOME are KDE and XFCE
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